Appearance & Makeup makes women glory, Mannerism & Fanaticism makes men glory, Happiness & Innocent makes kids glory Tolerant & Patient make elder glory, But Only Knowledge makes everybody glory… >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Knowledge Transfer can be done in any language or even without language… I choose Tamil and English in this blog… you can read as you wish.
Friday, December 30, 2011
கலிலியோ கலிலீ - விஞ்ஞானி - இத்தாலி
கலிலியோ கலிலீ (Galileo Galilei) இத்தாலி நாட்டிலுள்ள பைசா நகரத்தில் கி.பி.1564 - ஆம் ஆண்டு பிப்ரவரி 15 - ஆம் நாள் பிறந்தார். இவரது தந்தை வின்சென்சோ கலிலீ. சிறந்த இசைமேதை. கலிலியோ ஆறு பிள்ளைகளில் மூத்தவர்.
Top 10 Inventions and Inventors
1. The Telephone
The telephone is an instrument that converts voice and sound signals into electrical impulses for transmission by wire to a different location, where another telephone receives the electrical impulses and turns them back into recognizable sounds. In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone that transmitted electrically the human voice.
2. The History of Computers
There are many major milestones in the history of computers, starting with 1936, when Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer.
3. Television
In 1884, Paul Nipkow sent images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology with 18 lines of resolution. Television then evolved along two paths, mechanical based on Nipkow's rotating disks, and electronic based on the cathode ray tube. American Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical model while Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian émigré Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model.
4. The Automobile
In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. However, it was a steam-powered model. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine and later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.
5. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794. The cotton gin is a machine that separates seeds, hulls and other unwanted materials from cotton after it has been picked.
6. The Camera
In 1814, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the first photographic image with a camera obscura, however, the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre is considered the inventor of the first practical process of photography in 1837.
7. The Steam Engine
Thomas Savery was an English military engineer and inventor who in 1698, patented the first crude steam engine. Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine in 1712. James Watt improved Newcomen's design and invented what is considered the first modern steam engine in 1765.
8. The Sewing Machine
The first functional sewing machine was invented by the French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830. In 1834, Walter Hunt built America's first (somewhat) successful sewing machine. Elias Howe patented the first lockstitch sewing machine in 1846. Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism. In 1857, James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine. Helen Augusta Blanchard patented the first zig-zag stitch machine in 1873.
9. The Light Bulb
Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn't "invent" the light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours.
10. Penicillin
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the first method of industrial production of penicillin in 1948.
The telephone is an instrument that converts voice and sound signals into electrical impulses for transmission by wire to a different location, where another telephone receives the electrical impulses and turns them back into recognizable sounds. In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone that transmitted electrically the human voice.
2. The History of Computers
There are many major milestones in the history of computers, starting with 1936, when Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer.
3. Television
In 1884, Paul Nipkow sent images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology with 18 lines of resolution. Television then evolved along two paths, mechanical based on Nipkow's rotating disks, and electronic based on the cathode ray tube. American Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical model while Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian émigré Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model.
4. The Automobile
In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. However, it was a steam-powered model. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine and later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.
5. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794. The cotton gin is a machine that separates seeds, hulls and other unwanted materials from cotton after it has been picked.
6. The Camera
In 1814, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the first photographic image with a camera obscura, however, the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre is considered the inventor of the first practical process of photography in 1837.
7. The Steam Engine
Thomas Savery was an English military engineer and inventor who in 1698, patented the first crude steam engine. Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine in 1712. James Watt improved Newcomen's design and invented what is considered the first modern steam engine in 1765.
8. The Sewing Machine
The first functional sewing machine was invented by the French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830. In 1834, Walter Hunt built America's first (somewhat) successful sewing machine. Elias Howe patented the first lockstitch sewing machine in 1846. Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism. In 1857, James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine. Helen Augusta Blanchard patented the first zig-zag stitch machine in 1873.
9. The Light Bulb
Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn't "invent" the light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours.
10. Penicillin
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the first method of industrial production of penicillin in 1948.
Thomas Edison - Patent list
Patent Number | Title of Patent | Date of execution | Date of application | Date of issue | Joint inventors | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12631 | Design for an Incandescent Electric Lamp | 1880, 11/23 | 1880, 11/30 | 1881, 12/27 | Design Patent | |
13940 | Design for Incandescing Electric Lamp | 1883, 2/13 | 1883, 3/16 | 1883, 5/29 | Design Patent | |
40527 | Design for a Phonograph Cabinet | 1909, 9/08 | 1909, 9/13 | 1910, 2/22 | Design Patent | |
42934 | Design for a Cabinet | 1912, 7/11 | 1912, 7/13 | 1912, 8/27 | Design Patent | |
66227 | Design for a Grille for Phonograph Cabinets | 1924, 10/15 | 1924, 10/17 | 1924, 12/16 | Design Patent | |
66228 | Design for Grille for Phonograph Cabinets | 1924, 10/15 | 1924, 10/17 | 1924, 12/16 | Design Patent | |
69068 | Design for a Phonograph Cabinet | 1924, 10/15 | 1924, 10/17 | 1924, 12/22 | Design Patent | |
69688 | Design for a Phonograph Cabinet | 1924, 10/15 | 1924, 10/17 | 1926, 3/16 | Design Patent | |
69689 | Design for a Phonograph Cabinet | 1924, 10/15 | 1924, 10/17 | 1926, 3/16 | Design Patent | |
90646 | Electrographic Vote-Recorder | 1868, 11/13 | 1868, 11/28 | 1869, 6/01 | ||
91527 | Printing Telegraphs | 1869, 1/25 | 1869, 2/17 | 1869, 6/22 | ||
96567 | Printing-Telegraph Apparatus | 1869, 8/17 | 1869, 8/27 | 1869, 11/09 | ||
96681 | Automatic Electrical Switch | 1869, 8/27 | 1869, 9/04 | 1869, 11/09 | ||
102320 | Printing Telegraph Apparatus | 1869, 9/16 | 1869, 10/27 | 1870, 4/26 | ||
103035 | Electro-Motor Escapements | 1870, 2/05 | 1870, 4/11 | 1870, 5/17 | ||
103924 | Printing Telegraph Instruments | 1870, 4/12 | 1870, 4/14 | 1870, 6/07 | Frank L. Pope | |
111112 | Governors for Electro Motors | 1870, 6/29 | 1870, 7/06 | 1871, 1/24 | ||
113033 | Printing Telegraph Apparatus | 1870, 11/17 | 1870, 11/22 | 1871, 3/28 | ||
113034 | Printing Telegraph Apparatus | 1871, 1/10 | 1871, 1/14 | 1871, 3/28 | ||
114656 | Telegraphic Transmitting Instruments | 1870, 6/22 | 1870, 6/28 | 1871, 5/09 | ||
114657 | Relay Magnets for Telegraph Instruments | 1870, 9/06 | 1870, 9/21 | 1871, 5/09 | ||
114658 | Electro-Magnets for Telegraph Instruments | 1870, 6/22 | 1870, 6/28 | 1871, 5/09 | ||
121601 | Machinery for Perforating Paper for Telegraph Pump | 1871, 8/16 | 1871, 8/18 | 1871, 12/05 | ||
123005 | Telegraph Apparatus | 1871, 7/26 | 1871, 8/04 | 1872, 1/23 | ||
123006 | Printing Telegraphs | 1871, 7/26 | 1871, 8/04 | 1872, 1/23 | ||
123984 | Telegraph Apparatus | 1871, 7/26 | 1871, 8/04 | 1872, 1/23 | ||
124800 | Telegraph Recording Instruments | 1871, 8/12 | 1871, 8/18 | 1872, 3/19 | ||
126528 | Type Wheels for Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 1/23 | 1872, 1/30 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126529 | Type Wheels for Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 1/23 | 1872, 1/30 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126530 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 2/14 | 1872, 2/19 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126531 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 1/17 | 1872, 1/22 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126532 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 1/03 | 1872, 1/12 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126533 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 2/14 | 1872, 2/19 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126534 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 1/17 | 1872, 1/12 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
126535 | Printing Telegraphs | 1871, 11/13 | 1871, 11/18 | 1872, 5/07 | ||
128131 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 4/26 | 1872, 5/07 | 1872, 6/18 | ||
128604 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 4/26 | 1872, 5/07 | 1872, 7/02 | ||
128605 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 4/26 | 1872, 5/07 | 1872, 7/02 | ||
128606 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 4/26 | 1872, 5/07 | 1872, 7/02 | ||
128607 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 4/26 | 1872, 5/07 | 1872, 7/02 | ||
128608 | Printing Telegraph Instruments | 1870, 5/24 | 1870, 5/27 | 1872, 7/02 | ||
130795 | Electro Magnets | 1872, 5/09 | 1872, 6/06 | 1872, 8/27 | ||
131334 | Rheotomes or Circuit-Directors | 1872, 5/06 | 1872, 6/06 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131335 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/15 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131336 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/15 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131337 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/10 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131338 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/29 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131339 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/29 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131340 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/10 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131341 | Printing Telegraph Instruments | 1872, 5/28 | 1872, 6/06 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131342 | Printing Telegraph Instruments | 1872, 5/09 | 1872, 6/06 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131343 | Transmitters and Circuits for Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/10 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
131344 | Unison-Stops for Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 6/29 | 1872, 7/09 | 1872, 9/17 | ||
132455 | Paper for Chemical Telegraphs | 1872, 4/10 | 1872, 4/16 | 1872, 10/22 | ||
132456 | Apparatus for Perforating Paper for Telegraph Use | 1872, 3/15 | 1872, 3/22 | 1872, 10/22 | ||
133019 | Electrical Printing Machines | 1872, 4/18 | 1872, 4/25 | 1872, 11/12 | ||
133841 | Type Writing Machines | 1871, 11/13 | 1871, 11/18 | 1872, 12/10 | ||
134866 | Printing Telegraph Instruments | 1872, 10/16 | 1872, 10/22 | 1873, 1/14 | ||
134867 | Automatic Telegraph Instruments | 1872, 5/08 | 1872, 6/06 | 1873, 1/14 | ||
134868 | Electro-Magnetic Adjusters | 1872, 5/08 | 1872, 6/06 | 1873, 1/14 | ||
135531 | Circuits for Chemical Telegraphs | 1872, 11/09 | 1872, 11/11 | 1873, 2/04 | ||
138869 | Printing Telegraphs | 1872, 10/16 | 1872, 10/22 | 1873, 5/13 | ||
138870 | Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1873, 5/13 | ||
139128 | Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 1/21 | 1873, 2/18 | 1873, 5/20 | ||
139129 | Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 2/13 | 1873, 2/18 | 1873, 5/20 | ||
140487 | Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 2/13 | 1873, 2/18 | 1873, 7/01 | ||
140488 | Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 5/16 | 1873, 7/01 | ||
140489 | Circuits for Printing Telegraphs | 1873, 2/13 | 1873, 2/18 | 1873, 7/01 | ||
141772 | Circuits for Automatic or Chemical Telegraphs | 1872, 11/05 | 1872, 11/09 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
141773 | Circuits for Automatic Telegraphs | 1872, 12/12 | 1873, 1/15 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
141774 | Chemical Telegraphs | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
141775 | Perforators for Automatic Telegraphs | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
141776 | Circuits for Automatic Telegraphs | 1872, 12/12 | 1873, 1/15 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
141777 | Relay Magnets | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1873, 8/12 | ||
142688 | Electrical Regulators for Transmitting Instruments | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1873, 9/09 | ||
142999 | Galvanic Batteries | 1872, 10/31 | 1872, 11/05 | 1873, 9/23 | ||
146812 | Telegraph Signal Boxes | 1872, 11/26 | 1872, 12/03 | 1874, 1/27 | ||
147311 | Electric Telegraphs | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 7/29 | 1874, 2/10 | ||
147312 | Perforators for Automatic Telegraphy | 1873, 3/24 | 1873, 7/29 | 1874, 2/10 | ||
147313 | Chemical Telegraphs | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 7/29 | 1875, 3/02 | ||
147314 | Circuits for Chemical Telegraphs | 1873, 3/24 | 1873, 7/29 | 1874, 2/10 | ||
147917 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 6/27 | 1874, 2/24 | ||
150846 | Telegraph Relays | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 6/27 | 1874, 5/12 | ||
150847 | Receiving Instruments for Chemical Telegraphs | 1873, 3/24 | 1873, 7/29 | 1874, 3/12 | ||
150848 | Chemical or Automatic Telegraphs | 1872, 12/12 | 1873, 1/15 | 1874, 5/12 | ||
151209 | Automatic Telegraphy and in Perforators Therefor | 1873, 8/25 | 1873, 9/02 | 1874, 5/26 | ||
154788 | District Telegraph Signal-Boxes | 1874, 4/2 | 1874, 5/11 | 1874, 9/08 | ||
156843 | Duplex Chemical Telegraphs | 1873, 3/07 | 1873, 3/13 | 1874, 11/17 | ||
158787 | Telegraph Apparatus | 1874, 8/07 | 1874, 8/13 | 1875, 1/19 | ||
160402 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph Paper | 1873, 9/29 | 1874, 6/01 | 1875, 3/02 | ||
160403 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph Paper | 1873, 10/29 | 1874, 6/01 | 1875, 3/02 | ||
160404 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph Paper | 1873, 9/29 | 1874, 6/01 | 1875, 3/02 | ||
160405 | Adjustable Electro-magnets For Relays etc. | 1873, 4/23 | 1873, 7/29 | 1875, 3/02 | ||
160580 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph Paper | 1873, 10/14 | 1874, 6/01 | 1875, 3/09 | ||
162633 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1873, 4/22 | 1873, 4/26 | 1875, 4/27 | ||
166859 | Chemical Telegraphy | 1874, 6/01 | 1874, 7/25 | 1875, 8/17 | ||
166860 | Chemical Telegraphy | 1874, 6/01 | 1874, 7/25 | 1875, 8/17 | ||
166861 | Chemical Telegraphy | 1874, 6/01 | 1874, 7/25 | 1875, 8/17 | ||
168004 | Printing Telegraphs | 1874, 5/22 | 1874, 6/01 | 1875, 9/21 | ||
168242 | Transmitters and Receivers for Automatic Telegraph | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/26 | 1875, 9/28 | ||
168243 | Automatic Telegraphs | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/26 | 1875, 9/28 | ||
168385 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/26 | 1875, 10/05 | ||
168465 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph | 1874, 8/14 | 1875, 1/15 | 1875, 10/05 | ||
168466 | Solutions for Chemical Telegraph | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/26 | 1875, 10/05 | ||
168467 | Recording Points for Chemical Telegraphs | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 10/05 | ||
169972 | Electric Signaling Instrument | 1875, 2/24 | 1875, 3/23 | 1875, 11/16 | Chas. Batchelor | |
171273 | Telegraph Apparatus | 1875, 2/11 | 1875, 2/16 | 1875, 12/21 | ||
172305 | Automatic Roman-Character Telegraphs | 1874, 8/07 | 1875, 1/15 | 1876, 1/18 | ||
173708 | Automatic Telegraphy | 1874, 8/07 | 1875, 1/15 | 1876, 2/22 | ||
178221 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 8/19 | 1874, 9/01 | 1876, 5/30 | ||
178222 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 8/19 | 1874, 9/01 | 1876, 5/30 | ||
178223 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 8/19 | 1874, 9/01 | 1876, 5/30 | ||
180857 | Autographic Printing | 1876, 3/07 | 1876, 3/13 | 1876, 8/08 | ||
180858 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 8/19 | 1874, 9/01 | 1876, 8/08 | ||
182996 | Acoustic Telegraphs | 1876, 5/09 | 1876, 5/16 | 1876, 10/10 | ||
185507 | Electro-Harmonic Multiplex Telegraphs | 1876, 8/16 | 1876, 8/31 | 1876, 12/19 | ||
186330 | Acoustic Electric Telegraphs | 1876, 5/09 | 1876, 5/16 | 1877, 1/16 | ||
186548 | Telegraphic Alarm and Signal Apparatus | 1876, 5/09 | 1876, 5/18 | 1877, 1/23 | ||
195751 | Automatic Telegraphs | 1875, 1/18 | 1875, 1/27 | 1877, 10/02 | ||
195752 | Automatic Telegraphs | 1875, 1/19 | 1875, 1/27 | 1877, 10/02 | ||
196747 | Stencil-Pens | 1877, 4/18 | 1877, 4/23 | 1877, 11/06 | ||
198087 | Telephonic Telegraphs | 1876, 5/09 | 1876, 5/16 | 1877, 12/11 | ||
198088 | Telephonic Telegraphs | 1876, 4/03 | 1876, 4/06 | 1877, 12/11 | ||
198098 | Telephonic or Electro-Harmonic Telegraphs | 1876, 4/03 | 1876, 4/06 | 1877, 12/11 | ||
200032 | Synchronous Movements for Electric Telegraphs | 1876, 10/30 | 1876, 11/11 | 1878, 2/05 | ||
200521 | Phonographs or Speaking Machines | 1877, 12/15 | 1877, 12/24 | 1878, 2/19 | ||
200993 | Acoustic Telegraphs | 1876, 8/26 | 1876, 9/18 | 1878, 3/05 | ||
200994 | Automatic Telegraph Perforator and Transmitter | 1876, 10/30 | 1876, 11/11 | 1879, 3/05 | ||
201760 | Speaking Machines | 1878, 2/28 | 1878, 3/04 | 1878, 3/26 | ||
203013 | Speaking Telegraph | 1877, 12/08 | 1877, 12/13 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203014 | Speaking Telegraphs | 1877, 7/16 | 1877, 7/20 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203015 | Speaking Telegraphs | 1877, 8/16 | 1877, 8/28 | 1878, 8/30 | ||
203016 | Speaking Telephones | 1878, 2/28 | 1878, 3/07 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203017 | Telephone Call-Signal | 1878, 2/28 | 1878, 3/04 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203018 | Telephones or Speaking Telegraphs | 1877, 12/08 | 1877, 12/13 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203019 | Circuits for Acoustic or Telephonic Telegraphs | 1878, 2/13 | 1878, 2/21 | 1878, 4/30 | ||
203329 | Perforating Pens | 1877, 4/18 | 1877, 4/23 | 1878, 5/07 | ||
205370 | Pneumatic Stencil-Pens | 1877, 3/03 | 1877, 3/26 | 1878, 6/25 | ||
207723 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 8/19 | 1874, 9/01 | 1878, 9/03 | ||
207724 | Duplex Telegraphs | 1874, 12/14 | 1874, 12/28 | 1878, 9/03 | ||
208299 | Speaking Telephones | 1877, 7/16 | 1877, 7/20 | 1878, 9/24 | ||
209241 | Quadruplex-Telegraph Repeaters | 1875, 2/24 | 1875, 3/23 | 1878, 10/22 |
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